JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) 

The PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format was developed in 1996 as an open replacement for GIF, particularly after the LZW compression patent issues. Its architecture is built around lossless compression using the DEFLATE algorithm, allowing files to remain smaller than BMP while retaining perfect image fidelity. PNG supports palette-based images (8-bit), grayscale, and full-color (24-bit RGB and 32-bit RGBA with alpha transparency).

Unlike JPG, PNG does not use lossy compression, which means it preserves exact image data without artifacts. It was designed to improve web graphics by offering features GIF lacked, such as true alpha transparency and better compression. The PNG file structure includes chunks for metadata, palette, and image data, making it flexible for web and software usage.

Applications of PNG include web graphics, UI elements, logos, screenshots, icons, and digital artwork, where crispness and transparency are crucial. It is especially popular among designers for assets requiring sharp edges and overlays.

People often use PNG by choice when quality is more important than file size. However, in applications like websites or apps, PNG is used because its features (like transparency) are required. While larger than JPG for photographs, PNG dominates in web design and digital publishing where clarity and precision are essential.